Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Roadmap

From basic concepts to advanced design principles for professional software development.

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Phase Main Topic Content & Learning Activities Objectives & Deliverables
1. Introduction Introduction to OOP
  • What is OOP? Why use it?
  • Comparison with Procedural Programming.
  • Overview of the 4 Pillars of OOP.
  • Understand the purpose and benefits of OOP.
  • Differentiate object-oriented thinking.
2. Core Concepts Class and Object
  • Class is a Blueprint, Object is an Instance.
  • Attributes and Methods.
  • Constructor and Destructor.
  • Define classes, declare attributes and methods.
  • Create and manage objects from classes.
3. Pillars 1 & 2 Encapsulation & Inheritance
  • Encapsulation: Public, Private, Protected; Getters & Setters.
  • Inheritance: Base Class, Derived Class; Method Overriding.
  • Apply access modifiers for data hiding.
  • Build class hierarchies for code reuse.
4. Pillars 3 & 4 Polymorphism & Abstraction
  • Polymorphism: Static (Compile-time) and Dynamic (Run-time).
  • Abstraction: Abstract Class and Interface.
  • Write more flexible code with polymorphism.
  • Design contracts using interfaces.
5. Advanced Relationships & Components
  • Composition vs. Inheritance.
  • Association, Aggregation, Composition.
  • Static Members.
  • Understand and choose the right relationships between classes.
  • Use static members for shared data/methods.
6. Design SOLID Principles & Design Patterns
  • Study the 5 SOLID principles.
  • Learn about common Design Patterns: Creational, Structural, Behavioral.
  • Write more maintainable, scalable, and understandable code.
  • Apply proven solutions to design problems.
7. Practice Practical Application
  • Apply all knowledge to a small project (e.g., library management system, simple game).
  • Refactor old code according to OOP principles.
  • Learn to draw UML Class Diagrams.
  • Build a complete project using OOP.
  • Be able to read and design basic software architecture.