Probability & Statistics Roadmap

From mathematical theory to practical data analysis for Data Science and Machine Learning.

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Phase Main Topic Content & Learning Activities Objectives & Deliverables
1. Foundations Mathematical Foundations & Set Theory
  • Calculus & Linear Algebra fundamentals.
  • Set Theory & Venn Diagrams.
  • Counting: Permutations, Combinations.
  • Build the necessary mathematical knowledge.
  • Solve basic counting problems.
2. Probability Core Basic Concepts of Probability
  • Sample Space, Events.
  • Definitions of Probability: Classical, Statistical.
  • Conditional Probability, Bayes' Theorem.
  • Delve into the first principles of probability theory.
  • Apply Bayes' theorem to solve problems.
3. Distributions Random Variables & Probability Distributions
  • Discrete & Continuous Random Variables.
  • Probability Density Function (PDF) & Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF).
  • Expectation, Variance, Standard Deviation.
  • Common Distributions: Binomial, Poisson, Normal.
  • Model the random outcomes of an experiment.
  • Calculate key metrics of distributions.
4. Multiple Variables Joint Probability Distributions
  • Joint & Marginal Distributions.
  • Covariance, Correlation Coefficient.
  • Central Limit Theorem (CLT).
  • Study the relationships between multiple random variables.
  • Understand the importance of the CLT.
5. Statistics Intro Introduction to Statistics
  • Descriptive Statistics: Mean, Median, Variance...
  • Data Visualization: Histograms, Box Plots.
  • Inferential Statistics: Population & Sample.
  • Begin the journey from theory to practical data analysis.
  • Summarize and visualize datasets.
6. Inference Parameter Estimation & Hypothesis Testing
  • Point Estimation: MLE Method.
  • Confidence Intervals for Mean & Proportion.
  • Hypothesis Testing: Null (H₀) & Alternative (Hₐ), p-value.
  • Common Tests: Z-test, t-test, Chi-squared.
  • Estimate population characteristics from sample data.
  • Use data to make decisions about claims.
7. Modeling Linear Regression
  • Simple & Multiple Linear Regression.
  • Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).
  • Model Evaluation: R-squared Coefficient.
  • Model the relationship between variables.
  • Build and evaluate simple predictive models.
8. Advanced & Applied Advanced Topics & Tools
  • Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
  • Bayesian Statistics.
  • Markov Chains & Monte Carlo Simulation.
  • Applications in Data Science, Machine Learning, Finance.
  • Tools: Python (NumPy, Pandas, SciPy) & R.
  • Explore more specialized areas.
  • Apply knowledge to practice with real-world datasets.