L? trnh C?u trc d? li?u v Gi?i thu?t

N?n t?ng v?ng ch?c ?? gi?i quy?t v?n ?? v vi?t m hi?u qu? cho m?i l?p trnh vin.

Trở về lộ trình
Giai ?o?n Ch? ?? chnh N?i dung & Ho?t ??ng h?c t?p M?c tiu & S?n ph?m
1. N?n t?ng L?p trnh & Ton h?c
  • Thnh th?o m?t ngn ng? l?p trnh (C++, Java, ho?c Python).
  • Hi?u v? con tr? v qu?n l b? nh? (??c bi?t quan tr?ng v?i C++).
  • N?m v?ng khi ni?m ?? quy.
  • H?c v? ?? ph?c t?p Th?i gian & Khng gian (Big O Notation).
  • Phn tch ???c ?? ph?c t?p c?a m?t thu?t ton ??n gi?n.
  • Gi?i cc bi ton ?? quy c? b?n.
2. CTDL Tuy?n tnh L?u tr? tu?n t?
  • M?ng (Arrays) v Chu?i (Strings).
  • Danh sch lin k?t (Linked Lists): ??n, ?i, vng.
  • Ng?n x?p (Stacks).
  • Hng ??i (Queues) & Hng ??i ?u tin (Priority Queues).
  • T? tri?n khai (implement) cc CTDL trn t? ??u.
  • Gi?i quy?t cc bi ton ?ng d?ng (vd: ki?m tra ngo?c h?p l? b?ng Stack).
3. Thu?t ton C? b?n Tm ki?m & S?p x?p
  • Thu?t ton tm ki?m: Tuy?n tnh, Nh? phn.
  • Thu?t ton s?p x?p c? b?n: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort.
  • Thu?t ton s?p x?p hi?u qu?: Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort.
  • Hi?u ?u v nh??c ?i?m c?a t?ng thu?t ton.
  • Tri?n khai cc thu?t ton s?p x?p v so snh hi?u n?ng.
4. CTDL Phi tuy?n L?u tr? phn c?p & M?ng l??i
  • B?ng b?m (Hash Tables): x? l va ch?m, hm b?m.
  • Cy (Trees): Cy nh? phn, Cy tm ki?m nh? phn (BST).
  • Cy cn b?ng: Cy AVL, Cy ??-?en.
  • ?? th? (Graphs): Bi?u di?n (ma tr?n k?, danh sch k?), cc lo?i ?? th?.
  • Tri?n khai v thao tc trn cy nh? phn tm ki?m.
  • M hnh ha cc bi ton th?c t? b?ng ?? th?.
5. Thu?t ton Nng cao Cc k? thu?t gi?i quy?t v?n ??
  • Duy?t ?? th?: Breadth-First Search (BFS), Depth-First Search (DFS).
  • Thu?t ton tham lam (Greedy Algorithms).
  • Quy ho?ch ??ng (Dynamic Programming).
  • Tm ???ng ?i ng?n nh?t: Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford.
  • Cy khung nh? nh?t: Prim, Kruskal.
  • Nh?n d?ng ???c lo?i bi ton v p d?ng k? thu?t ph h?p.
  • Gi?i quy?t cc bi ton quy ho?ch ??ng kinh ?i?n.
6. Luy?n t?p & p d?ng Th?c chi?n
  • Luy?n t?p gi?i bi ton trn cc n?n t?ng nh? LeetCode, HackerRank, Codeforces.
  • T?p trung vo cc d?ng bi ph? bi?n trong ph?ng v?n.
  • Tham gia cc cu?c thi l?p trnh (n?u c th?).
  • Th?c hi?n m?t d? n nh? ?ng d?ng cc CTDL & GT ? h?c.
  • T?ng t?c ?? v s? t? tin khi gi?i quy?t v?n ??.
  • Xy d?ng portfolio v?i cc bi ton ? gi?i.
  • S?n sng cho cc vng ph?ng v?n k? thu?t.

T? duy C?t li

1. T? duy Tr?u t??ng ha

Nhn nh?n v?n ?? ? m?c ?? cao, xc ??nh cc m?u v ch?n c?u trc d? li?u ph h?p ?? m hnh ha d? li?u m?t cch hi?u qu?.

2. Phn r V?n ??

Chia m?t bi ton l?n v ph?c t?p thnh cc bi ton con nh? h?n, d? qu?n l h?n. ?y l n?n t?ng c?a ?? quy v quy ho?ch ??ng.

3. Cn nh?c S? ?nh ??i (Trade-offs)

Khng c gi?i php no l hon h?o. Lun cn nh?c s? ?nh ??i gi?a t?c ?? (th?i gian) v ti nguyn (b? nh?) ?? ch?n gi?i php t?i ?u cho t?ng b?i c?nh.

4. Nh?n d?ng M?u (Pattern Recognition)

Qua luy?n t?p, h?c cch nh?n ra cc d?ng bi ton quen thu?c ?? c th? nhanh chng p d?ng ?ng c?u trc d? li?u v gi?i thu?t ? bi?t.